Surrogacy Laws By Country
Afghanistan
Religious and moral foundations
Albania
Law Nr. 8876 Dated 4 April 2002 On Reproductive Health art.20
Algeria
Loi n°18-11 du18 Chaoual 1439 correspondant au 2 juillet 2018 relative à la santé
Armenia
Australia
In Australia, all jurisdictions except the Northern Territory allow altruistic surrogacy; with commercial surrogacy being a criminal offense.
National Health and Medical Research Council, Ethical Guidelines on the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Clinical Practice and Research (2007)
Austria
The Act on Reproductive Medicine (Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetz, June 4, 1992)
Bahrain
Draft Guidelines for the Establishment and regulation of assisted reproductive units and centres
Bangladesh
The Bangladesh Country Report 2013 on Combating Human Trafficking
Belarus
Law No. 341-3 of 7 January 2012 on Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Belgium
Altruistic surrogacy is legal.
Benin
Art 59 Loi n° 2015-08 du 8 décembre 2015 portant Code de l’enfant en République du Bénin, Decision de la cour constitutionnelle 15-099 du 15 mai 2015
Brazil
Brazil has no constraints on surrogate parenthood. The Intended Parents are recognized and accepted as the legal Parents from birth through a surrogate contract.
Resolution No. 2.168
Bulgaria
Bulgarian Health Act SG No. 85/25.10.2005 , Order 28 on Assisted Reproduction Activities 2007 (amended July 29, 2011) of Bulgarian Ministry of Health
Burkina Faso
Loi numero 049-2005/AN portant sante de la reproduction
Burundi
Loi numero 1/012 du 30 mai 2018 portant code de l’offre des soins et services de sante au Burundi
Cambodia
Law on the suppression of human trafficking and sexual exploitation- Total ban since 2016
Cameroon
loi n°2011/024 du 14/12/2011 relative à la lutte contre le trafic et la traite des personnes
Canada
AL-BC-NB-NS-ON
Qc It differs depending on the province.Legal.The Quebec Civil Code renders all surrogacy contracts, whether commercial or altruistic, unenforceable.
Assisted Human Reproduction Act: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/A-13.4/FullText.html
China
Surrogacy is neither forbidden nor expressly permitted by law in China. The Ministry of Health has established departmental rules which prohibit medical professionals from performing surrogacy procedures,with violations punished by fines but not criminal liabilities. In practice, surrogacy arrangements are common.
Administrative Measures for Assisted Reproductive Technology 2001, Norms of Assisted Reproductive Technology 2003, Ethical Principles of Assisted Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Banks
Columbia
There are no clear rules as of today regarding surrogacy and a loophole persists. The current laws applied are those for a natural childbirth. This means the child must be registered with the surnames of the Surrogate Mother and her spouse, if she has any. Only through a challenging paternity lawsuit before a judge may the commissioning Parents be recognized as legal Parents, and it may include genetic testing.
Croatia
The Family Act (2003) Obiteljski Zakon
Czech Republic
Surrogacy is not legally regulated in the Czech Republic and is generally considered legal. Assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic sets the age limit of the female partner to 48 years plus 364 days.
The Criminal Act no. 40/2009 Coll
Denmark
Altruistic surrogacy is legal.
Act on Adoption, No. 326 (June 4, 1986), Act on Medically Assisted Procreation in connection with medical treatment Egypt Decree no. 238/2003 of the Ministry of Health and Population on Professional Ethics Regulations
El Salvador
Constitución de la República de El Salvador (1983)
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
All surrogacy arrangements both commercial and altruistic are illegal.
Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments No. 1237/2006
France
Lawmakers are discussing the frame for surrogacy-born children.
http://www.casebooks.eu/contractLaw1/chapter3/excerpt.php?excerptId=2663
Loi n°94-653 du 29 juillet 1994 relative au respect du corps humain, Code civil – Article 16-7, Code pénal – Article 227-12
Georgia
Surrogacy, along with ovum and sperm donation, has been legal since 1992. A donor or Surrogate Mother has no parental rights over the resulting child.
Law on the rights of patients (2000)
Germany
All surrogacy arrangements both commercial and altruistic are illegal.
Embryo Protection Act (Embryonenschutzgesetz) of 13 December 1990 , Gesetz über die Vermittlung der Annahme als Kind und über das Verbot der Vermittlung von Ersatzmüttern
Greece
Surrogacy is fully legal and it gives legal protection to Intended Parents who must meet certain qualifications and will go before a family judge before starting their journey. The Court appearance is procedural. In the present, Intended Parents must be in a heterosexual partnership or be a single female. Law 3305/2005 (“Enforcement of Medically Assisted Reproduction”)
Article 1458 of the Greek Civil Code, article 8 of the Law 3089/2002, Law 4272/2014
Hong Kong
Commercial surrogacy is criminal under the Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance 2000. The law is phrased so that no one can pay a surrogate, nor can a surrogate receive money, and no one can arrange a commercial surrogacy, no matter within or outside Hong Kong. Normally only the gametes of the Intended Parents can be used.
Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance 2000Parent and Child Ordinance 1997
Hungary
Commercial surrogacy is illegal.
Act of CLIV of 1997 on Health – decision 108/B/2000
Iceland
India
The Surrogacy regulation Bill 2016
Indonesia
Article 127 of Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health (“Health Act”)
Iran
All surrogacy arrangements both commercial and altruistic are legal and popular. Many couples from the Middle-East do the surrogacy in Iran due to its legal easiness.
Ireland
Surrogacy is unregulated. Due to mounting pressure from Irish citizens going abroad to have children through surrogacy, the Minister for Justice, Equality and Defense published guidelines for them on February 21st 2012.
The Constitution
Israel
Agreements Law for the Carriage of Fetuses, Law, 5756-1996
Italy
All surrogacy arrangements both commercial and altruistic are illegal.
Medically Assisted Procreation Law feb 19, 2004
Japan
In March 2008, the Science Council of Japan proposed a ban on surrogacy and said that doctors, agents and their clients should be punished for commercial surrogacy arrangements.
Kazakhstan
Law on Marriage and Family Code, dated December 26, 2011 No.518-IV. Chapter 9. Article 54 to 59
Kyrgyzstan
6 июля 2016 года N 99, 15 января 2019 года N 5)
Kuwait
Ministerial decision no. 448
Latvia
Sexual and reproductive health law
Lebanon
Draft Law on Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Code of Medical Ethic
Libya
Medical Liability Law No 17/1986
Lithuania
Macedonia
Law on Biomedical Assisted Fertilization No. 37/08 2015 version
Malaysia
Fatwa (an Islamic religious ruling) banning surrogacy. The fatwa was issued in 2008 by the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs.
Maldives
Malta
Embryo Protection Act ACT XXI of 2012
Montenegro
Law on Infertility Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (published in the “Official Gazette of Montenegro,” no. 74/2009 from 13.11.2009)
Morocco
Loi 47.14 relative a la procreation medicalement assistee
Nepal
Netherlands
Articles 151b and 151c of the Criminal Code
New Zealand
The Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2004
Norway
Oman
Code of Practice for Assisted Conception Unit Pakistan Federal Shariah Court petition No.2 / I of 2015
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Law Concerning Medically Assisted Reproduction Portugal, law number 32 / 2006 , Regulatory Decree No. 6
Qatar
Russia
Order No. 107н of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia dated 30 August 2012 Lat
Saudi Arabia
The regulation of IVF Units, Embryos, and Infertility Management No 2870 / 1 / 12
Serbia
The Act on treating infertility by biomedically assisted fertilization
Singapore
Ministry of Health guidelines on Assisted Reproduction Services
Slovakia
Art 82 par.1 Act no. 36 / 2005 of the Family Act
Slovenia
Law on Infertility treatment and procedures and assisted reproduction techniques
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Law on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques, No. 14 / 2006(May 26, 2006)
Sweden
Switzerland
Swiss Constitution art. 119(2d) Federal law LPMA, 1998
Syria
Shi’a Muslim legal system, surrogacy is regulated by fatwas
Taiwan
The Artificial Reproduction Act 2007 Regulations for Management of Artificial Assisted Reproductive Technology 1994 The Ethical Guiding Principles of Artificial Reproductive Technology 1986
Tajikistan
The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan about reproductive health and reproductive rights 2010
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Ministr of Health Assisted Reproductive Therapy Centres Regulation 2010
Turkmenistan
Law of Turkmenistan of October 15, 2016 No.454 – V, about combating human trafficking
Ukraine
Clause 123 of the Family Code of Ukraine , Order 24 and order 771 of the Health Ministry of Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
Federal Law No. 9110 of 2008 concerning Licensing of Fertilization Centers in the State(art 10)
United Kingdom
Surrogacy Arrangement Act, 1985 , Human Embryology et Fertilization Act, 1990
United States
Laws vary by State.
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Assisted-Reproductive-Technology-ART-Surrogacy-Abroad.html
United Nations
United Nations are drafting guidelines regarding surrogacy worldwide. More information can be found: Convention on the Rights of the Child
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en
Uruguay
Ley 19.167 Regula Técnicas de Reproducción Asistida y Gestación Subrogada.
Vietnam
Vietnam Family and Marriage Act 2014
Yemen
Assisted reproduction in accordance with the relevant fatwas issued by Sheikh Al-Zandany